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Background: Gastric cancer is the fourth commonest cancer worldwide. It is also recognized as the second commonest cause of cancer related death in the global perspective. Although the incidence of gastric cancer has gradually decreased over the last half of the century, it varies among the different part of the world and different ethnic group. Mortality from gastric cancer extremely high, and it is second only to lung cancer. Gastric cancer occurs more frequently in men than in women. Aim of the study: Aim of the study was to find the clinic-profile outcome HER2 Positive Gastric and Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma.Methods:This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Surgical Oncology of National Institute of Cancer, Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka. The study period was from March, 2014 to April, 2015. A total of 80 patients were included for the study. After receiving the gastrectomy specimen, it was fixed in 10% formaldehyde. Data were compiled and necessary statistical analysis were carried out using computer based software package for social science (SPSS 16.1). Ethical clearance was taken from the ethical committee of NICRH.Results:The highest patients were from 61-70 years� age group and the lowest were from 71-80 years. The mean age of the patients was 59.71 (�.19) years. The female to male ratio in this study was 1: 2.48. 66 (82.5%) patients were presented with anemia which was followed by 39 (48.75%) cases with dehydration. Most of the tumors were located in the distal part of the stomach (11.67%). Regarding staging 79(12.65%) patients were in the advanced stage of the disease. The correlation between HER2 overexpression and TNM staging has been tabulated below where it is shown that only Nodal (N) staging has the significant correlation with the HER2 overexpression.Conclusion:It is already mentioned that, in early history of immunohistochemistry, HER2 overexpression in case of carcinoma stomach was highly varied in different studies (from 9-92%). But recently, it was found around 9-32%, in several studies all over the world. It is necessary to conduct further studies with larger samples and long term follow-up in order to draw definite conclusions regarding the role of HER2/neu overexpression
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Background: Urethrocutaneous fistula is the most common complication of hypospadias surgery. Due to the poor surrounding tissue quality, surgical treatment of these patients represents a complex problem. Objectives: Present study aimed to determine a better procedure of salvage urethroplasty for failed hypospadias, caused by persistent large (>4mm) or multiple -small (<4mm) fistulae, by a randomized comparison.Methods: This interventional study was performed in a single institute over a period of five years. Comparisons were made among three procedures of salvage urethroplasty using substitution of dorsal skin flap, Flip flap, or buccal mucosal graft in a controlled situation. Outcomes were assessed by means of objective scoring system. Results: Refistula rate, devascularization of flap and grafts and wound dehiscence rate were significantly less in Buccal mucosal graft than flip flap and dorsal transposition flap. This led to a higher success rate and better patient compliance in buccal mucosal graft. Though mean duration of hospital stay was significantly longer in buccal mucosal graft compared to other methods, it did not negatively affect patient satisfaction due to overall higher success rate. The objective scoring evaluation revealed that score gain of BM group was significantly higher than that of dorsal transposition flap and flip flap. Conclusion: Staged redo urethroplasty for large or multiple-small fistulae using substitution of buccal mucosal graft revealed as an better option for urethral reconstruction than dorsal transposition flap and flip flap procedures (group A˃ group B ˃group C).
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Objective: to compare the efficacy of combination of intralesional corticosteroid injection and cryotherapy with intralesional corticosteroid injection alone in patients of keloid
Methods: a clinical trial was carried out in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University [BSMMU], Dhaka, Bangladesh for duration of January 2013 to August 2013. About 30 patients [group A] were treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide with cryotherapy and 30 patients [group B] were treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide
Results: improvement rate was highest for the lesions on the chest, which was 18 [34.6%] and lowest for back 3 [5.8%]. Out of all patients from group A, the mean size of the lesions were 8.17cm, 5.90 cm, 4.32 cm, and 3.57 cm at 1st visit, 2nd visit, 3rd visit and 4th visit, respectively. In-group B, the mean size of the lesions was 7.50 cm, 4.92 cm, 3.00 cm, and 4.75 cm at 1st visit, 2nd visit, 3rd visit and 4th visit, respectively. Among the patients of group A and B, 27 [90%] and 25 [83.3%] cases improved, respectively
Conclusion: each of the treatment was individually effective in the treatment of keloid but study with a larger group of patients for longer period may result in superior outcome in clinical practice through improved compliance
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Aims@#Leptospira spp. has the ability to develop biofilm communities and this attribute is an essential factor to leptospiral pathogenesis. This study aims to assess and quantify the biofilm forming ability of intermediate and saprophytic Leptospira strains.@*Methodology and results@#The biofilm assay was quantified on microtitre polystyrene plates (abiotic) and wood chips (Jelutong Paya hardwood) over a duration of 11 days. Phase contrast light microscope was used to assess the structure of the on the surface. The biofilm production on wood chips surface were approximately one times higher than on polystyrene plate surface indicating Leptospira strains were capable of forming higher quantity of biofilm on biotic surface compared to abiotic surface by both intermediate and saprophytic Leptospira. A significant difference (p<0.05) exists in biofilms produced by Leptospira on wood surface which formed more biofilm than on polystyrene surface. The strongest biofilm producer is intermediate strain G14 with OD600 of 2.283±0.180 and OD600 of 2.333±0.037, on polystyrene and wood surface, respectively. Visualisation of biofilm by phase-contrast microscopy of two representative strains correlated with the OD values and the colour intensity of stained microtitre plates and wood surfaces. The biofilm formed comprises of a three-step process are adherence (1 th to 24 th h), maturation (6t h to 7 th day) and detachment (9 th to 11 th day) of biofilms.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The contact time of intermediate pathogenic strains was faster compared to saprophytic strain, indicating the biofilm forming ability is related to the level of pathogenicity of Leptospira strains.